=========================================================================

Command Line Linux

=========================================================================

$ grep “license” readme.txt = mencari kata “license” dalam file readme.txt

$ du -h –max-depth=100 = estimate file usage

$ du /media/data/ –max-depth=1 -B M | sort –g = melihat penggunaan space pada folder

$ du -sh /media/data/ = melihat besaran (MB) folder

$ sudo fdisk -l = show partition table

$ free = melihat free RAM

$ cat /eethtc/fstab = static file system information

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo = info cpu

$ cat /proc/meminfo = info memory

$ cat /proc/partitions = info partition

$ cat /etc/rc.d/rc.s = startup

$ find / -name “namafile” = search nama file

$ find /media/data/ -name “Thumbs.db” -print0 | xargs -0 rm -vr = menghapus hasil pencarian

$ find /home/user -size +30M = mencari file dengan ukuran diatas 30M

$ alias lihat=’ls -l’ = memberikan alias perintah

$ cal 2010 = show calender

$ clear = clear the terminal screen

$ sudo shutdown -h now = menshutdown pc sekarang

$ sudo shutdown -h +2 = menshutdown pc

$ init 0 = halt

$ init 6 = reboot

$ init 2 =

$ shutdown -k +2 = 'Server akan dimatikan dalam 2 menit lagi!'

$ shutdown 9:00 = pc dimatikan jam 9:00

$ top -d 2 = melihat proses shift+?

$ who = Show who is logged on

$ w = Show who is logged on and what they are doing

$ dmesg = print message system

$ cfdisk = tool tabel manipulator for linux

$ killall sshd = mengkill proses ssh

$ pstree = melihat proses secara pohon kebutuhan

$ lspci -v = cek hardware via konsole

$ lshw -C processor = cek hardware processor

$ sudo pmi action sleep = menjalankan fungsi sleep

$ sudo pmi action suspend = menjalankan fungsi suspend

$ dig 192.168.1.1 = dns lookup utility

$ cat /proc/net/arp = cek arp

$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab = file konfigurasi mount hardisk

$ scp test.log oniichan@192.168.1.12:~ = transfer file via jaringan kedalam home direktori

$ iwlist eth1 scanning = scanning access point

$ sudo ifconfig eth1 hw ether 0013022e91c7 = mengganti mac address

$ sudo apt-get -d source avant-window-navigator-bzr = download paket only, not install

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg = reconfigure ulang xserver

$ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop = mematikan service gdm stop

$ sudo iwconfig eth1 essid “pptik01″ = mendaftarkan name access point

$ sudo dhclient = auto dhcp

$ chown oniichan:oniichan /media/data = mengubah owner folder

$ sudo adduser nama_user nama_group = menambah user

$ usermod -G namagroup namauser = memasukkan user ke group

$ cat /etc/group = cek group user

$ smbclient -U% -L localhost = cek samba di local

$ cat /proc/version = cek version linux header

$ ls var/cache/apt/archives/ = data paket apt

$ ls /etc/rc2.d/ = list service

$ sudo update-rc.d -f rsync remove = meremove service rsync

$ sudo update-rc.d rsync defaults = mengadd service menjadi default service

$ ls -h = list human readeable

$ sudo apt-get install -f = fix dependency broken

$ cat /proc/acpi/acer/wireless = melihat penggunaan button

$ sudo tail -f /var/log/cups/error_log = melihat error pada service cups

$ lshal = melihat hal daemon usb

$ sudo hald = mengaktifkan hald daemon

$ sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start = service dbus daemon

$ nmap -sP 192.168.1.10-30 = checking ip up or not

$ watch lsusb = execute a program periodically

$ speaker-test 1.0.12 = test sound

$ displayconfig-gtk = screen and grafik configurations

$ aplay -l = playing file

$ lsb_release -a = cek ubuntu version

$ lpinfo -v = cek printer

$ id = Print user and group information for the specified USERNAME

$ ps ax | grep screenlets | awk ‘{print$1}’ | xargs kill -9 = kill spesifik berdasarkan nama proses

$ file nama_file = Determine file type of FILEs

$ for i in {1..10}; do echo $i; done = urut nomer

$ update-manager -d = Check if upgrading to the latest devel release is possible

$ cat /etc/passwd | grep 1000 | awk -F: ‘{ print $1 }’ = menampilkan user dengan UID 1000

$ find debian/ -iname ‘*’ -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum > md5sum = creating md5sum

$ espeak -s 80 “I love you” = text to speech

$ apt-cache policy ubuntu-desktop = print policy settings

$ sudo ip route replace default nexthop via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 weight 3 nexthop 192.168.1.1 dev eth1 weight 2 = load balancing

$ sudo Xorg -configure :1 = print konfigurasi xorg.conf

$ for FILE in cd*.bin ; do bchunk $FILE ${FILE%.*}.cue ${FILE%.*} ; done = mengubah file bin menjadi cue

$ rm cd[1-5].@(bin|cue) = menghapus secara spesifik

$ ls -l | awk ‘{print $8}’ = print secara list index

$ split -b 200MB avatar.avi avatar.avi. = split file into separate file

$ cat avatar.avi.* > avatar.avi = merge into 1 file

$ wc -ml /etc/apt/sources.list = Print byte, word, and line counts

$ history = Command History

————————————————————————–

$ cd x atau cd /x == masuk ke direktori x

$ cd .. atau cd ../ atau cd/.. == pindah ke direktori satu level di bawah

$ x lalu [tab] [tab] == berguna untuk mengetahui perintah apa saja yang tersedia yang berawalan huruf x

————————————————————————–

$ adduser == untuk menambahkan user baru

$ ls atau dir == untuk melihat isi suatu direktori

$ cat == untuk melihat isi dari suatu file text

$ sudo mv file X /var/www/html/file Y == untuk memindahkan dan merename file x ke file y

$ cp x y == untuk mengkopi file x ke file y

$ rm x == untuk menghapus file x

$ mkdir x == untuk membuat direktori x

$ rmdir x == untuk menghapus direktori x

$ rm -r x == untuk menghapus direktori x beserta seluruh isinya

$ rm p == untuk menghapus paket tertentu

$ df atau df x == untuk mengetahui space kosong dalam device x

$ top == untuk mengetahui status memori (tekan q untuk quit)

$ man x == untuk mengetahui keterangan manual dari suatu perintah

$ less x == untuk melihat isi dari suatu file text

$ echo x == untuk mencetak isi dari suatu file x ke screen

$ mc == untuk menghidupkan Norton Commander dalam Linux (sangat berguna dan memudahkan bagi newbie)

$ mount == untuk menghidupkan suatu device spt cdrom

$ halt == untuk shutdown

$ reboot atau [ctl + alt + del] == untuk reboot

$ sudo -i == hak root

$ locate <namafile> == search file from terminal

========================================================

# ATRIBUTE FILE

========================================================

$ + == (set)

$ - == (unset)

$ = == (c

==============================================================

$ chmod == untuk mengubah permission suatu file

$ chmod 777 == file bisa dibaca atau di tulis siapapun

$ chmod 644 == file bisa dibaca siapapun tapi hanya bisa di tulis oleh owner

$ chmod 666 == file file bisa dibaca dan di tulis oleh siapapun, tetapi tidak dapat di eksekusi/run

$ chmod 711 == memberikan read, write dan mengeksekusi kepada owner dan hanya menjalankan group dll.

$ chmod o+x ~ ==

$ chmod o+x ~/public_html ==

$ chmod -R o+r ~/public_html ==

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Notation Octal value Permissions

-|---|---|--- 0|000|000|000 Regular files, no permissions

d|r--|r--|r-- d|400|400|400 Directory, read permission to owner, group, and others

-|rw-|r--|r---| 644|644|644 Regular file, read and write permission to owner and read permission to group or others

-|rwx|rwx|rwx-| 777|777|777 Regular file, all permissions to everyone

0 = 0 = nothing

1 = 1 = execute

2 = 2 = write

3 = 2+1 = w+x

4 = 4 = read

5 = 4+1 = r+x

6 = 4+2 = r+w

7 = 4+2+1 = r+w+x

--------------------------------------------------------------------

=====================================================================

$ ls -l x == untuk melihat isi suatu direktori secara rinci

$ ls -a == show hidden file

$ ls -lh == show size folder

$ ls -f == will add the ‘/’ Character at the end each directory.

$ ls -r == option display files and directories in reverse order.

$ ls -R == option will list very long listing directory trees. See an example of output of the command.

$ ls -ltr == will shows latest modification file or directory date as last.

$ ls -lS == displays file size in order, will display big in size first.

$ ls -i == With -i options list file / directory with inode number.

$ ls -l /tmp == With ls -l command list files under directory /tmp. Wherein with -ld parameters displays information of /tmp directory.

$

$ ln -s x y == untuk membuat link dari suatu file x ke file y

$ find x -name y -print == untuk menemukan file y, dengan mencari mulai dari direktori x dan tampilkan hasilnya pada layar

$ ps == untuk melihat seluruh proses yang sedang berjalan

$ kill x == untuk mematikan proses x (x adalah PID di dalam ps)

$ [alt] + F1 – F7 == untuk berpindah dari terminal 1 – 7 (ciri khas Linux)

$ lilo == untuk membuat boot disk

$ startx == untuk menjalankan X-Windows

$ [ctl] + [alt] + [backspace] == untuk keluar dari X-Windows jika terjadi trouble

$ [ctl] + [alt] + F1 – F6 == untuk pindah dari satu terminal ke terminal lain dalam X-Windows

$ xf86Config == untuk mengeset X (primitif) dalam text mode

$ Xconfigurator == sama seperti di atas

$ sudo sh -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" == clear cache memory

$ sudo mount -o loop <file iso>

===================================================================================

apt-get

===================================================================================

$ apt-cache stats == For more information on these package tools, APT and dpkg.

$ apt-cache search 'keyword package' == pencarian paket u/ kata kunci tertentu.

$ sudo apt-get install 'package' == download&install package

$ sudo apt-get -d install package == Men-download paket saja, menempatkannya di /var/cache/apt/arsip.

$ apt-cache show package == menampilkan informasi software dari nama package

$ sudo apt-get upgrade == upgrade untuk semua install packages

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade == update sistem untuk rilis baru

$ sudo apt-get autoclean == untuk menghapus paket yg tdk di install lagi.

$ sudo apt-get clean == untuk menghapus package di /var/cache/apt/archives

$ sudo apt-get --purge remove package == untuk menghapus paket & konfigurasi.

$ sudo apt-get -f install == untuk mengecek paket yg rusak.

$ apt-config -v == print informasi APT utilities.

$ sudo apt-key list == list GPG keys pada APT.

$ apt-cache depends == print dependencies pada package.

$ find /var/cache/apt/ -name \\*.deb == clean cache

$

=======================================================

install file

=======================================================

1. ext bin:

# cd /dir download

# sudo chmod +x filename.bin

#./CiscoPacketTracer6.0.1.bin

2 ext tar.gz

#extrak "tar -xzfvf nama_file.tar.gz"

#"cd nama_folder"

#./configure"

#"make"

#"make install"

3. ext .deb

dependency

#cd vlc

#-/vlc $ sudo dpkg -i*.deb

*dependency

# sudo dpkg -i (nama_file) .deb

# dpkg --help | more

4. ext .sh

#chmod +x name_of_file.sh

#sh ./name_of_file.sh

===================================================

====================================================

remove aplikasi

====================================================

# dpkg --remove/-r nama_paket

# dpkg --purge/-p nama_paket menampilkan deskripsi paket software

# dpkg --print-avail paketsoftware

# sudo apt-get purge 'nama_paket-*'

# sudo apt-get autoremove 'nama_paket-*'

# aptitude remove packagename

# aptitude purge packagename

==================================================

====================================================

# mengekstrak file:

=====================================================

$ tar -xjf nama_file.tar.bz2

$ tar -xvJf nama_file.tar.bz2

$ tar -xzf nama_file.tar.gz

$ tar xzvf nama_file.tar.gz

$ tar -Jxvf nama_file.tar.xz

$ unzip nama_file.zip

$ dpkg --unpack paketsoftware.deb

$ tar -xvzf abc.tar.gz -C /opt/folder/ == Extract files to a specific directory or path

$ tar -czvf name-of-archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory-or-file

Here’s what those switches actually mean:

-c: Create an archive.

-z: Compress the archive with gzip.

-v: Display progress in the terminal while creating the archive, also known as “verbose” mode. The v is always optional in these commands, but it’s helpful.

-f: Allows you to specify the filename of the archive.

===================================================

# membuat file arsip .tar

===================================================

$ tar jcvf namafile.tar.bz2 fileyangakandiarsip

contoh: tar jcvf xrootz.tar.bz2 pointblankoffline.exe

$

==================================================

#clean system

==================================================

$ echo "Cleaning Up" &&

$ sudo apt-get -f install &&

$ sudo apt-get autoremove &&

$ sudo apt-get -y autoclean &&

$ sudo apt-get -y clean

=================================================

#wget

=================================================

$ wget <Option>.. <URL>..

$ wget –help

$ wget -c <Option>.. <URL>.. == resume

$ wget http://cdn.x.indowebster.com/download/60…15054b.mp3 -O a.mp3 = download dan me-rename file

$ wget -c -t inf http://www3.indowebster.com/591803763.avi = download dengan opsi continous, try infinite jika gagal

$ wget -i download.txt = download dengan opsi membaca url dari file download.txt

$ wget –limit-rate=10k = download dengan opsi bandwith hanya 10 kilobytes/s

$ wget ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/sys.tar.gz == download file ftp

=====================================================

#replace repository

===================================================

$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list == set config

$ apt-get update == update

$ sudo apt-get-u upgrade

$ sudo apt-get-u install packagename

$ sudo apt-get-u dist-upgrade

$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

$ sudo apt-get -f install == bila terjadi kesalahan pada proses instalasi

##Adding a PPA#

$ sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:whatever/ppa == remove repo ppa

$ sudo ppa-purge ppa_name == remove repo ppa

#network set ip :

=========================================================

$ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces == set config

$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart == restart service

$ sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf == conf nameserver

$ sudo route add default gw <ip gateway> == merubah ip gateway

$ sudo route -n == cek set gateway

$ echo “nameserver 192.168.1.80” >> /etc/resolv.conf == menambahkan nameserver

#modem usb command

==============================================

$ sudo pppconfig == config

$ sudo pppd call (provider) == connect

$ poff == disconnect

#Troubleshoting

==========================================

mengghapus crash report

$ cd /var/crash - ls - rm /var/crash/*

$ sudo apt-get remove install-info

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)

E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)

E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

$ sudo su

$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

$ apt-get update

E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

$ sudo apt-get --purge remove nama_paket

$ sudo apt-get autoclean

$ sudo apt-get install -f

$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

#Hash Sum mismatch

$ apt-get clean

$ rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

$ rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*

$ apt-get clean

$ apt-get update

$ apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys < add keys here >

Printer trouble - CUPS server error "client-error-not possible"

$ sudo apt-get install smbclient

========================================================

###Use Systemctl to Manage Systemd Services and Units###

========================================================

$ sudo systemctl start application.service

$ sudo systemctl start application

$ sudo systemctl stop application.service

$ sudo systemctl restart application.service

$ sudo systemctl reload application.service

$ sudo systemctl reload-or-restart application.service

$ sudo systemctl enable application.service

$ sudo systemctl disable application.service

$ sudo systemctl status application.service

$ sudo systemctl is-active application.service

$ sudo systemctl is-enabled application.service

$ sudo systemctl is-failed application.service

$ sudo systemctl list-units

The output has the following columns:

UNIT: The systemd unit name

LOAD: Whether the unit's configuration has been parsed by systemd. The configuration of loaded units is kept in memory.

ACTIVE: A summary state about whether the unit is active. This is usually a fairly basic way to tell if the unit has started successfully or not.

SUB: This is a lower-level state that indicates more detailed information about the unit. This often varies by unit type, state, and the actual method in which the unit runs.

DESCRIPTION: A short textual description of what the unit is/does.

$ systemctl list-units --all

$ systemctl list-units --all --state=inactive

$ systemctl -t service -a --state running

$ systemctl list-units --type=service

$ systemctl list-unit-files

$ systemctl cat atd.service

$ systemctl list-dependencies sshd.service == Displaying Dependencies

$ systemctl show sshd.service == Checking Unit Properties

$ systemctl show sshd.service -p Conflicts

$ sudo systemctl mask nginx.service == Masking and Unmasking Units

$ systemctl list-unit-files

Repair GRUB

===========================================

$ sudo su //untuk masuk sebagai root

$ fdisk -l //(fdisk spasi min EL kecil) Untuk melihat detail hardisk

$ mkdir /media/root // untuk membuat foldernya.

$ mount /dev/sda6 /media/root // untuk mengaktifkan direktorinya.

$ grub-install --root-directory=/media/root /dev/sda //Untuk menginstall Grub linuxnya

$ update-grub //update grubnya

Ada tiga cara untuk membangun Kernel Linux.

===============================================

$ make oldconfig : Ini adalah cara interaktif di mana kernel mengajukan pertanyaan satu per satu apa yang harus mendukung dan apa yang tidak. Ini adalah memakan waktu proses yang sangat.

$ make menuconfig : Ini adalah menu sistem berbasis Command-Line di mana pengguna dapat mengaktifkan dan menonaktifkan pilihan. Hal ini membutuhkan ncurses perpustakaan maka kita Apt yang di atas.

$ make qconfig/xconfig/gconfig : Ini adalah menu sistem berbasis grafis di mana pengguna dapat mengaktifkan dan menonaktifkan pilihan. Hal ini membutuhkan QT Library.

$ make-kpkg clean

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

//CONCURRENCY_LEVEL. CONCURRENCY TINGKAT praktis memiliki aturan untuk menambahkan Numeric 1 ke core dari kernel. Jika Anda memiliki 2 core, ekspor CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 3. Jika Anda memiliki 4 core, ekspor CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 5.

$ export CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=3

$ fakeroot make-kpkg --append-to-version "-tecmintkernel" --revision "1" --initrd kernel_image kernel_headers

# Berikut "tecminkernel" 'adalah nama kernel, itu bisa apa saja mulai dari nama, nama host, atau apa pun.

================================================================================

Administrasi server

================================================================================

$ sudo ifconfig namainterface(eth0) down/up

#mematikan atau mengaktifkan interface-interface

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

# The primary network interface

allow-hotplug ens3

# comment out

#iface ens3 inet dhcp

# add these lines (replace [ens3] name to your own environment)

iface ens3 inet static

# IP address

address 10.0.0.30

# network address

network 10.0.0.0

# subnet mask

netmask 255.255.255.0

# broadcast address

broadcast 10.0.0.255

# default gateway

gateway 10.0.0.1

# name server

dns-nameservers 10.0.0.10

# edit network interfaces

$ sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

# pengeditan alamat nameserver secara manual.

$ sudo service networking restart

# restart service network

$ traceroute

# untuk mengetes koneksi link

$ netstat = Networking information

$ sudo ifup eth0 = Stop a network interface

$ sudo ifdown eth0 = Start a network interface up

$ arp -ne = cek arp tabel

$ mtr http://www.hacker-newbie.org == gabungan ping dan traceroute

$ nslookup == cek kinerja DNS server

$ chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/ == mengubah owner

================================================================================

Wireless command network

================================================================================

./iwconfig

# iwconfig [interface] mode master == Menjadikan kartu PCMCIA dalam mode akses poin

# iwconfig [interface] mode managed == Menjadikan kartu PCMCIA Anda dalam mode client pada jaringan wifi infrastruktur

# iwconfig [interface] mode ad-hoc == Mengeset kartu Anda sebagai anggota di jaringan wifi ad hoc tanpa akses poin

# iwconfig [interface] mode monitor == Mengeset kartu Anda dalam mode monitor

# iwconfig [interface] essid “SSID_Anda” == Konfigurasikan ESSID jaringan Anda.

# iwconfig [interface] key 1111-1111-1111-1111 == Mengeset kunci WEP 128bit

# iwconfig [interface] key 11111111 == Mengeset kunci WEP 65 bit

# iwconfig [interface] key off == Menonaktifkan kunci WEP

# iwconfig [interface] key open == Menset sebagai open mode, tidak diperlukan autentikasi

# iwconfig [interface] channel [channel no.] == Menset sebuah channel 1-14

# iwconfig [interface] channel auto == Memilih channel otomatis

# iwconfig [interface] ap 11:11:11:11:11:11 == Memaksa kartu untuk mendaftar ke alamat AP

# iwconfig [interface] rate 11M == Kartu akan menggunakan kecepatan tertentu

# iwconfig [interface] rate auto == Memilih kecepatan otomatis

================================================================================

Ping command

================================================================================

· ping -i 8 192.168.1.1 ( menambah interval waktu antara paket )

· ping localhost atau ping 0

· ping -c 5 yahoo.com

· ping -f localhost ( flood the network )

· ping -c 5 -q 192.168.1.1 ( print ringkasan statistik ping )

· ping -s 150 localhost ( mengubah ukuran ping – bytes)

· ping -R 192.168.1.1 ( mencetak rute jaringan )

===============================================================================

SAMBA SHARE

===============================================================================

#Installing

$ sudo apt-get install samba samba-common python-glade2

#Creating Anonymous share

$ sudo mkdir -p /shares/anonymous

#Change the ownership to nobody so that everyone can access and store files in that folder.

$ sudo chown nobody:nogroup /shares/anonymous/

#Take a backup before editing that file

$ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.org

#now add the below code at the end of the file to enable share.

[Anonymous]

comment = Anonymous share access

path = /shares/anonymous

browsable = yes

writable = yes

guest ok = yes

read only = no

force user = nobody

force group = nogroup

#Now restart smbd service

$ sudo service smbd restart

##Creating secured share

#Create folder share

$ sudo mkdir -p /shares/project1

#Create a new group smbproj1,so that Users added to this group can access project1 share.

$ sudo addgroup smbproj1

#Modify ownership and permission for the folder.

$ sudo chown root:smbproj1 /shares/project1/

$ sudo chmod 770 /shares/project1/

#Now define values in the configuration file

$ sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

[Project1]

comment = Project1 Share

path = /shares/project1

valid users = @smbproj1

guest ok = no

writable = yes

browsable = yes

#Now restart smbd service

$ sudo service smbd restart

===============================================================

virtualbox

=============

$ sudo pacman -S virtualbox

$ sudo modprobe vboxdrv

$ sudo nano /etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.conf

> ‘vboxdrv’

$ sudo lsmod | grep vboxdrv

===============================

libvirt

========

$ sudo virsh net-list --all

$ sudo virsh net-start default