A cache gets downloaded in multiple segments of fixed sizes (1GB for a 32-bit runner and 2GB for a 64-bit runner). Sometimes, a segment download gets stuck which causes the workflow job to be stuck forever and fail. Version v3.0.8 of actions/cache introduces a segment download timeout. The segment download timeout will allow the segment download to get aborted and hence allow the job to proceed with a cache miss.

Default value of this timeout is 10 minutes and can be customized by specifying an environment variable named SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS with timeout value in minutes.

A cache today is immutable and cannot be updated. But some use cases require the cache to be saved even though there was a "hit" during restore. To do so, use a key which is unique for every run and use restore-keys to restore the nearest cache. For example:

    - name: update cache on every commit
      uses: actions/cache@v3
      with:
        path: prime-numbers
        key: primes-${{ runner.os }}-${{ github.run_id }} # Can use time based key as well
        restore-keys: |
          primes-${{ runner.os }}

Please note that this will create a new cache on every run and hence will consume the cache quota.

Reusing cache across feature branches is not allowed today to provide cache isolation. However if both feature branches are from the default branch, a good way to achieve this is to ensure that the default branch has a cache. This cache will then be consumable by both feature branches.

From v3.2.3 cache is cross-os compatible when enableCrossOsArchive input is passed as true. This means that a cache created on ubuntu-latest or mac-latest can be used by windows-latest and vice versa, provided the workflow which runs on windows-latest have input enableCrossOsArchive as true. This is useful to cache dependencies which are independent of the runner platform. This will help reduce the consumption of the cache quota and help build for multiple platforms from the same cache. Things to keep in mind while using this feature:

• Only cache files that are compatible across OSs.
• Caching symlinks might cause issues while restoring them as they behave differently on different OSs.
• Be mindful when caching files from outside your github workspace directory as the directory is located at different places across OS.
• Avoid using directory pointers such as ${{ github.workspace }} or ~ (home) which eventually evaluate to an absolute path that does not match across OSs.

Caches have branch scope restriction in place. This means that if caches for a specific branch are using a lot of storage quota, it may result into more frequently used caches from default branch getting thrashed. For example, if there are many pull requests happening on a repo and are creating caches, these cannot be used in default branch scope but will still occupy a lot of space till they get cleaned up by eviction policy. But sometime we want to clean them up on a faster cadence so as to ensure default branch is not thrashing. In order to achieve this, gh-actions-cache cli can be used to delete caches for specific branches.

This workflow uses gh-actions-cache to delete all the caches created by a branch.

name: cleanup caches by a branch
on:
  pull_request:
    types:
      - closed
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  cleanup:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      # `actions:write` permission is required to delete caches
      #   See also: https://docs.github.com/en/rest/actions/cache?apiVersion=2022-11-28#delete-a-github-actions-cache-for-a-repository-using-a-cache-id
      actions: write
      contents: read
    steps:
      - name: Check out code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Cleanup
        run: |
          gh extension install actions/gh-actions-cache
          
          REPO=${{ github.repository }}
          BRANCH=refs/pull/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/merge

          echo "Fetching list of cache key"
          cacheKeysForPR=$(gh actions-cache list -R $REPO -B $BRANCH | cut -f 1 )

          ## Setting this to not fail the workflow while deleting cache keys. 
          set +e
          echo "Deleting caches..."
          for cacheKey in $cacheKeysForPR
          do
              gh actions-cache delete $cacheKey -R $REPO -B $BRANCH --confirm
          done
          echo "Done"
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}